Left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss. There are many forms of periodontal disease: Gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodonitis, periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases and necrotizing periodontal diseases.

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Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It is generally caused by inadequate oral hygiene, leading to the buildup of plaque.

There are other factors that can contribute to gingivitis:

- diabetes
- stress
- inadequate nutrition
- aging
- smoking
- a genetic disposition
- systemic diseases and conditions
- entering puberty
- hormonal fluctuations
- pregnancy
- substance abuse
- HIV infection
- certain medications

The bacteria in dental plaque irritates the gums and causes infection. Your body launches an immune response against these invaders and the gums become inflamed.

People with gingivitis usually experience little or no discomfort. Without the warning provided by pain or irritation it is important to recognize the symptoms and seek treatment. Symtoms include gums that are red, swollen or bleed easily.

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